Introduction: Syphilis is a systemic sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. has high pathogenicity and, in the absence of adequate treatment, can evolve chronically, causing serious complications. The main route of transmission is sexual, although vertical transmission also occurs. The disease remains an important public health problem in Brazil, showing significant growth in recent decades. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of acquired syphilis in the state of Pernambuco from 2014 to 2024. Methodology: This is an epidemiological, ecological, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study with a quantitative approach, conducted using quantitative secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), provided by DATASUS. Sociodemographic variables such as age group, sex, race/color, and education level were analyzed. Results: During the study period, Pernambuco registered 53,663 cases of acquired syphilis, with a growing trend in notifications observed until 2023. Cases were predominantly found in individuals aged 20 to 39 years (58.43%), in males (60.8%), and in individuals who self-identified as mixed-race (38.14%). Regarding education level, a high percentage of data was missing or incomplete (44,57%). Discussion: The progressive upward trend in notifications, concentrated among young adults and males, highlights the persistence of syphilis as a severe and ongoing public health challenge in Pernambuco. The high percentage of missing data regarding education level reveals structural flaws in the completeness of SINAN notification forms, hindering the design of targeted preventive strategies. Furthermore, the temporary decline observed in 2020 does not indicate infection control, but rather the impact of underreporting and delayed diagnoses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Acquired syphilis remains a significant public health challenge in Pernambuco, reinforcing the need to strengthen public policies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, timely treatment, and epidemiological surveillance.